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ISACA CISA (Certified Information Systems Auditor) certification exam is designed to test the knowledge and skills of information systems auditors. CISA exam is globally recognized and is one of the most prestigious certifications in the field of IT auditing. The CISA certification exam is an essential qualification for professionals who want to advance their careers in the field of information systems auditing.

The CISA certification is a must-have for IT professionals who want to advance their careers in the field of information security. Certified Information Systems Auditor certification demonstrates that the candidate has the necessary knowledge, skills, and experience to identify, assess, and evaluate IT and business systems to ensure that they are secure and compliant with industry standards and regulations. It also shows that the candidate is committed to staying up-to-date with the latest developments in the field of information security.

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ISACA Certified Information Systems Auditor Sample Questions (Q1070-Q1075):

NEW QUESTION # 1070
Which of the following biometrics methods provides the HIGHEST accuracy and is LEAST accepted by users?

A. Retina scan
B. Hand Geometry
C. Palm Scan
D. Fingerprint

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Retina based biometric involves analyzing the layer of blood vessels situated at the back of the eye.
An established technology, this technique involves using a low-intensity light source through an optical coupler to scan the unique patterns of the retina. Retinal scanning can be quite accurate but does require the user to look into a receptacle and focus on a given point. This is not particularly convenient if you wear glasses or are concerned about having close contact with the reading device. For these reasons, retinal scanning is not warmly accepted by all users, even though the technology itself can work well.
For your exam you should know the information below:
Biometrics
Biometrics verifies an individual's identity by analyzing a unique personal attribute or behavior, which is one of the most effective and accurate methods of verifying identification and not well received by society.
Biometrics is a very sophisticated technology; thus, it is much more expensive and complex than the other types of identity verification processes. A biometric system can make authentication decisions based on an individual's behavior, as in signature dynamics, but these can change over time and possibly be forged.
Biometric systems that base authentication decisions on physical attributes (such as iris, retina, or fingerprint) provide more accuracy because physical attributes typically don't change, absent some disfiguring injury, and are harder to impersonate Biometrics is typically broken up into two different categories. The first is the physiological. These are traits that are physical attributes unique to a specific individual. Fingerprints are a common example of a physiological trait used in biometric systems. The second category of biometrics is known as behavioral.
The behavioral authentication is also known as continuous authentication. The behavioral/continuous authentication prevents session hijacking attack. This is based on a characteristic of an individual to confirm his identity. An example is signature Dynamics. Physiological is "what you are" and behavioral is
"what you do."
When a biometric system rejects an authorized individual, it is called a Type I error (false rejection rate).
When the system accepts impostors who should be rejected, it is called a Type II error (false acceptance rate). The goal is to obtain low numbers for each type of error, but Type II errors are the most dangerous and thus the most important to avoid.
When comparing different biometric systems, many different variables are used, but one of the most important metrics is the crossover error rate (CER). This rating is stated as a percentage and represents the point at which the false rejection rate equals the false acceptance rate. This rating is the most important measurement when determining the system's accuracy. A biometric system that delivers a CER of 3 will be more accurate than a system that delivers a CER of 4. Crossover error rate (CER) is also called equal error rate (EER).
Throughput describes the process of authenticating to a biometric system. This is also referred to as the biometric system response time. The primary consideration that should be put into the purchasing and implementation of biometric access control are user acceptance, accuracy and processing speed.
Biometric Considerations
In addition to the access control elements of a biometric system, there are several other considerations that are important to the integrity of the control environment. These are:
Resistance to counterfeiting
Data storage requirements
User acceptance
Reliability and
Target User and approach
Fingerprint
Fingerprints are made up of ridge endings and bifurcations exhibited by friction ridges and other detailed characteristics called minutiae. It is the distinctiveness of these minutiae that gives each individual a unique fingerprint. An individual places his finger on a device that reads the details of the fingerprint and compares this to a reference file. If the two match, the individual's identity has been verified.
Palm Scan
The palm holds a wealth of information and has many aspects that are used to identify an individual. The palm has creases, ridges, and grooves throughout that are unique to a specific person. The palm scan also includes the fingerprints of each finger. An individual places his hand on the biometric device, which scans and captures this information. This information is compared to a reference file, and the identity is either verified or rejected.
Hand Geometry
The shape of a person's hand (the shape, length, and width of the hand and fingers) defines hand geometry. This trait differs significantly between people and is used in some biometric systems to verify identity. A person places her hand on a device that has grooves for each finger. The system compares the geometry of each finger, and the hand as a whole, to the information in a reference file to verify that person's identity.
Retina Scan
A system that reads a person's retina scans the blood-vessel pattern of the retina on the backside of the eyeball. This pattern has shown to be extremely unique between different people. A camera is used to project a beam inside the eye and capture the pattern and compare it to a reference file recorded previously.
Iris Scan
An iris scan is a passive biometric control
The iris is the colored portion of the eye that surrounds the pupil. The iris has unique patterns, rifts, colors, rings, coronas, and furrows. The uniqueness of each of these characteristics within the iris is captured by a camera and compared with the information gathered during the enrollment phase.
When using an iris pattern biometric system, the optical unit must be positioned so the sun does not shine into the aperture; thus, when implemented, it must have proper placement within the facility.
Signature Dynamics
When a person signs a signature, usually they do so in the same manner and speed each time. Signing a signature produces electrical signals that can be captured by a biometric system. The physical motions performed when someone is signing a document create these electrical signals. The signals provide unique characteristics that can be used to distinguish one individual from another. Signature dynamics provides more information than a static signature, so there are more variables to verify when confirming an individual's identity and more assurance that this person is who he claims to be.
Keystroke Dynamics
Whereas signature dynamics is a method that captures the electrical signals when a person signs a name, keystroke dynamics captures electrical signals when a person types a certain phrase. As a person types a specified phrase, the biometric system captures the speed and motions of this action. Each individual has a certain style and speed, which translate into unique signals. This type of authentication is more effective than typing in a password, because a password is easily obtainable. It is much harder to repeat a person's typing style than it is to acquire a password.
Voice Print
People's speech sounds and patterns have many subtle distinguishing differences. A biometric system that is programmed to capture a voice print and compare it to the information held in a reference file can differentiate one individual from another. During the enrollment process, an individual is asked to say several different words.
Facial Scan
A system that scans a person's face takes many attributes and characteristics into account. People have different bone structures, nose ridges, eye widths, forehead sizes, and chin shapes. These are all captured during a facial scan and compared to an earlier captured scan held within a reference record. If the information is a match, the person is positively identified.
Hand Topography
Whereas hand geometry looks at the size and width of an individual's hand and fingers, hand topology looks at the different peaks and valleys of the hand, along with its overall shape and curvature. When an individual wants to be authenticated, she places her hand on the system. Off to one side of the system, a camera snaps a side-view picture of the hand from a different view and angle than that of systems that target hand geometry, and thus captures different data. This attribute is not unique enough to authenticate individuals by itself and is commonly used in conjunction with hand geometry.
Vascular Scan
Vascular Scan uses the blood vessel under the first layer of skin.
The following answers are incorrect:
Fingerprint - Fingerprints are made up of ridge endings and bifurcations exhibited by friction ridges and other detailed characteristics called minutiae. It is the distinctiveness of these minutiae that gives each individual a unique fingerprint. An individual places his finger on a device that reads the details of the fingerprint and compares this to a reference file. If the two match, the individual's identity has been verified.
Hand Geometry - The shape of a person's hand (the shape, length, and width of the hand and fingers) defines hand geometry. This trait differs significantly between people and is used in some biometric systems to verify identity. A person places her hand on a device that has grooves for each finger. The system compares the geometry of each finger, and the hand as a whole, to the information in a reference file to verify that person's identity.
Palm Scan - The palm holds a wealth of information and has many aspects that are used to identify an individual. The palm has creases, ridges, and grooves throughout that are unique to a specific person. The palm scan also includes the fingerprints of each finger. An individual places his hand on the biometric device, which scans and captures this information. This information is compared to a reference file, and the identity is either verified or rejected.
Following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
CISA review manual 2014 Page number 330 and 331
Official ISC2 guide to CISSP CBK 3rd Edition Page number 924

NEW QUESTION # 1071
Which of the following is the MOST effective control for protecting the confidentiality and integrity of data stored unencrypted on virtual machines?

A. Limit creation of virtual machine images and snapshots.
B. Review logical access controls on virtual machines regularly.
C. Monitor access to stored images and snapshots of virtual machines.
D. Restrict access to images and snapshots of virtual machines.

Answer: C

Explanation:
The most effective control for protecting the confidentiality and integrity of data stored unencrypted on virtual machines is to monitor access to stored images and snapshots of virtual machines. Images and snapshots are copies of virtual machines that can be used for backup, restoration, or cloning purposes. If data stored on virtual machines are unencrypted, they may be exposed or compromised if unauthorized or malicious users access or copy the images or snapshots. Therefore, monitoring access to stored images and snapshots can help detect and prevent any unauthorized or suspicious activities, and provide audit trails for accountability and investigation.
Restricting access to images and snapshots of virtual machines, limiting creation of virtual machine images and snapshots, and reviewing logical access controls on virtual machines regularly are not the most effective controls for protecting the confidentiality and integrity of data stored unencrypted on virtual machines. These controls may help reduce the risk or impact of data exposure or compromise, but they do not provide sufficient visibility or assurance of data protection. Restricting access to images and snapshots may not prevent authorized users from abusing their privileges or credentials. Limiting creation of virtual machine images and snapshots may not address the existing copies that may contain sensitive data. Reviewing logical access controls on virtual machines regularly may not reflect the actual access activities on images and snapshots.

NEW QUESTION # 1072
Which of the following attack is against computer network and involves fragmented or invalid ICMP packets
sent to the target?

A. Brute force attack
B. Pulsing Zombie
C. Nuke attack
D. Buffer overflow

Answer: C

Explanation:
Section: Protection of Information Assets
Explanation/Reference:
A Nuke attack is an old denial-of-service attack against computer networks consisting of fragmented or
otherwise invalid ICMP packets sent to the target, achieved by using a modified ping utility to repeatedly
send this corrupt data, thus slowing down the affected computer until it comes to a complete stop.
A specific example of a nuke attack that gained some prominence is the Win Nuke, which exploited the
vulnerability in the NetBIOS handler in Windows 95. A string of out-of-band data was sent to TCP port 139
of the victim's machine, causing it to lock up and display a Blue Screen of Death (BSOD).
The following answers are incorrect:
Brute force attack - Brute force (also known as brute force cracking) is a trial and error method used by
application programs to decode encrypted data such as passwords or Data Encryption Standard (DES)
keys, through exhaustive effort (using brute force) rather than employing intellectual strategies. Just as a
criminal might break into, or "crack" a safe by trying many possible combinations, a brute force cracking
application proceeds through all possible combinations of legal characters in sequence. Brute force is
considered to be an infallible, although time-consuming, approach.
Buffer overflow - A buffer overflow occurs when a program or process tries to store more data in a buffer
(temporary data storage area) than it was intended to hold. Since buffers are created to contain a finite
amount of data, the extra information - which has to go somewhere - can overflow into adjacent buffers,
corrupting or overwriting the valid data held in them. Although it may occur accidentally through
programming error, buffer overflow is an increasingly common type of security attack on data integrity.
Pulsing Zombie - A Dos attack in which a network is subjected to hostile pinging by different attacker
computer over an extended time period.
Following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
CISA review manual 2014 Page number 322

NEW QUESTION # 1073
Accountability for the maintenance of appropriate security measures over information assets resides with the:

A. security administrator.
B. data and systems owners.
C. systems operations group.
D. systems administrator.

Answer: B

Explanation:
Management should ensure that all information assets (data and systems) have an appointed owner who makes decisions about classification and access rights. System owners typically delegate day-to-day custodianship to the systems delivery/operations group and security responsibilities to a security administrator. Owners, however, remain accountable for the maintenance of appropriate security measures.

NEW QUESTION # 1074
As IS auditor discovers that due to resource constraints, a database administrator (DBA) is responsible for
developing and executing changes into the production environment. Which of the following should the
auditor do FIRST?

A. Report a potential segregation of duties (SoD) violation
B. Identify whether any compensating controls exist
C. Ensure a change management process is followed prior to implementation
D. Determine whether another database administrator could make the changes

Answer: C

Explanation:
Section: Information System Acquisition, Development and Implementation

NEW QUESTION # 1075
......

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